/********************************************************************************/ /* ATA Disk Driver */ /* Copyright (c) 2003, Trinary Technologies */ /********************************************************************************/ //Based on the ATA/ATAPI-7 Working Draft 1a (November 2002) //I want to start out by removing some false informations about the ATA //standard: // // The 504/528 MB Limit: This is a shortcomming of the BIOS, not of the ATA // standard. Since we bypass the BIOS we are not // affectede by it in any way. // The 8 GB Limit : This is again a BIOS limit that does not affect us. // The 1024 Cyl Limit : You guessed it! Another BIOS limit. // The 128 GB Limit : No not another BIOS limit. This IS an ATA limit. // Luckily for us it has been solved with LBA48. // EIDE / Ultra ATA : These are just some of the buzzwords made up by the // marketing departments of hard disk manufactures. // Forget them. They are just fancy words for some of // the (unfinished) ATA standards. // PIO Mode 5 : While this is not an official ATA mode, many hard // disks support this mode to increase speed on // computers that do not support DMA. // Either DMA or PIO : Windows and some BIOSes let you think hard disks // must work in either PIO or DMA mode. This is not // true. You can sent both readPIO and readDMA // requests to disk disk. You do not have to switch it // to DMA mode for example. // Megabyte : Remember that a Megabyte, a Meg, an MB are 1048576 // bytes. Most of the time, though, manufacturers // gives their specifications in Mebabytes that are // 1000000 bytes in size to let their products look // 4.8576% more impressive. // // //ATA drives support the following addressing modes: // // CHS28: 127.5 GB ( 16 heads * 255 sectors * 65536 cyls) // LBA28: 128.0 GB (2^28 blocks) // LBA48: 128.0 PB (2^48 blocks) // // INT13: 504.0 MB ( 16 heads * 63 sectors * 1024 cyls) // LARGE: 7.9 GB (256 heads * 63 sectors * 1024 cyls) // // //ATA drives support the following PIO modes: // // Mode 0: 600 ns = 3.3 MB/s (ATA-1) // Mode 1: 383 ns = 5.2 MB/s (ATA-1) // Mode 2: 240 ns = 8.3 MB/s (ATA-1) // Mode 3: 180 ns = 11.1 MB/s (ATA-2) // Mode 4: 120 ns = 16.6 MB/s (ATA-2) // Mode 5: 90 ns = 22.2 MB/s (propietary) // // //ATA drives support the following Single-Word DMA modes (obsolete from ATA-3): // // Mode 0: 960 ns = 2.1 MB/s (ATA-1) // Mode 1: 480 ns = 4.2 MB/s (ATA-1) // Mode 2: 240 ns = 8.4 MB/s (ATA-1) // // //ATA drives support the following Multi-Word DMA modes: // // Mode 0: 480 ns = 4.2 MB/s (ATA-1) // Mode 1: 150 ns = 12.2 MB/s (ATA-2) // Mode 2: 120 ns = 16.6 MB/s (ATA-2) // // //ATA drives support the following Ultra DMA modes: // // Mode 0: 240 ns = 16.6 MB/s (ATA-4) // Mode 1: 160 ns = 25.0 MB/s (ATA-4) // Mode 2: 120 ns = 33.3 MB/s (ATA-4) (Ultra ATA) // Mode 3: 90 ns = 44.4 MB/s (ATA-5) // Mode 4: 60 ns = 66.6 MB/s (ATA-5) // Mode 5: 40 ns = 100.0 MB/s (ATA-6) // Mode 6: 30 ns = 133.3 MB/s (ATA-7) // // //ATA controllers use the following resources by default: // // # I/O RANGE 1 I/O 2 IRQ DMA // 1 01F0h-01F7h 03F6h 14 (3) // 2 0170h-0177h 0376h 15/10 (5) // 3 01E8h-01EFh 03EEh 12/11 // 4 0168h-016Fh 036Eh 10/9 // // DMA Channels wwere only used on the XT. It was to slow for ATs and // Ultra DMA uses a dedicated DMA chip integrated in the southbridge. // //The following IDE chipsets contain bugs and will corrupt your data! // // CMD640x // PC-Tech RZ-1000 (http://www.intel.com/procs/support/rz1000/index.htm) //00 ************ NOP //03 CF CFA REQUEST EXTENDED ERROR CODE //08 ** DEVICE RESET // 1x ** RECALIBRATE //20 ** READ SECTOR(S) //*21 ** READ SECTOR(S) WITHOUT RETRY //*22 ** READ LONG SECTOR(S) //*23 ** READ LONG SECTOR(S) WITHOUT RETRY //24 ** READ SECTOR(S) EXT //25 ** READ DMA EXT //26 ** READ DMA QUEUED EXT //27 HP READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT //29 ** READ MULTIPLE EXT //2A ST READ STREAM DMA //2B ST READ STREAM PIO //2F LO READ LOG EXT //30 ** WRITE SECTOR(S) //*31 ** WRITE SECTOR(S) WITHOUT RETRY //*32 ** WRITE LONG SECTOR(S) //*33 ** WRITE LONG SECTOR(S) WITHOUT RETRY //34 ** WRITE SECTOR(S) EXT //35 ** WRITE DMA EXT //36 ** WRITE DMA QUEUED EXT //37 HP SET MAX ADDRESS EXT //38 CF CFA WRITE SECTORS WITHOUT ERASE //39 ** WRITE MULTIPLE EXT //3A ST WRITE STREAM DMA //3B ST WRITE STREAM PIO //*3C ** WRITE VERIFY SECTOR(S) //3D ** WRITE DMA FUA EXT //3E ** WRITE DMA QUEUED FUA EXT //3F ** WRITE LOG EXT //40 ** READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) //*41 ** READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) WITHOUT RETRY //42 ** READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT //*50 XX FORMAT TRACK //51 ST CONFIGURE STREAM //*7x ** SEEK //*8x ** [VENDOR SPECIFIC 3] //87 CF CFA TRANSLATE SECTOR //90 ** EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC //*91 ** INITIALIZE DRIVE PARAMETERS //92 ** DOWNLOAD MICROCODE //*94 PM STANDBY IMMEDIATE //*95 PM IDLE IMMEDIATE //*96 PM STANDBY //*97 PM IDLE //*98 PM CHECK POWER MODE //*99 PM SLEEP //*9A ** [VENDOR SPECIFIC 1] //A0 PA PACKET //A1 PA IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE //A2 PA SERVICE //B0 SM SMART //B1 DC DEVICE CONFIGURATION //C0 CF CFA ERASE SECTORS //*C1 ** [VENDOR SPECIFIC 2] //*C2 ** [VENDOR SPECIFIC 2] //*C3 ** [VENDOR SPECIFIC 2] //C4 ** READ MULTIPLE //C5 ** WRITE MULTIPLE //C6 ** SET MULTIPLE MODE //C7 ** READ DMA QUEUED //C8 ** READ DMA //*C9 ** READ DMA WITHOUT RETRY //CA ** WRITE DMA //*CB ** WRITE DMA //CC ** WRITE DMA QUEUED //CD CF CFA WRITE MULTIPLE WITHOUT ERASE //CE ** WRITE MULTIPLE FUA EXT //D1 MC CHECK MEDIA CARD TYPE //DA RM GET MEDIA STATUS //*DB ** ACKNOWLEDGE MEDIA CHANGE //*DC ** POST BOOT //*DD ** PRE BOOT //DE RM MEDIA LOCK //DF RM MEDIA UNLOCK //E0 PM STANDBY IMMEDIATE //E1 PM IDLE IMMEDIATE //E2 PM STANDBY //E3 PM IDLE //E4 ** READ BUFFER //E5 PM CHECK POWER MODE //E6 PM SLEEP //E7 ** FLUSH CACHE //*E7 ** REST //E8 ** WRITE BUFFER //*E9 ** WRITE SAME //EA ** FLUSH CACHE EXT //*EA ** RESTORE DRIVE STATE //*EA ** ATA-3 SECURITY //*EB ** ATA-3 SECURITY //EC ** IDENTIFY DEVICE //ED RM MEDIA EJECT //*EE ** IDENTIFY DEVICE DMA //EF ** SET FEATURES //*F0 ** [ENHANCED ATA] //F1 SE SECURITY SET PASSWORD //F2 SE SECURITY UNLOCK //F3 SE SECURITY ERASE PREPARE //F4 SE SECURITY ERASE UNIT //F5 SE SECURITY FREEZE LOCK //F6 SE SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD //F8 HP READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS //F9 HP SET MAX //*FA ** [VENDOR SPECIFIC 4] //CF: CompactFlash Devices //ST: Streaming Devices //PA: Packet Devices //DC: Device Configuration //MC: Media Card Devices //RM: Removable Devices //PM: Power Management //LO: General Purpose Logging //HP: Host Protected Area //SE: Security //SM: S.M.A.R.T. #include #include "ata.h" typedef unsigned short io_port_t; void ata_command(ata_command_t command) { io_write(command.disk.controller.portFeatures, command.features); io_write(command.disk.controller.portCount, command.count); io_write(command.disk.controller.portBlockLow, (command.block & 0x000000FF) >> 0); io_write(command.disk.controller.portBlockMid, (command.block & 0x0000FF00) >> 8); io_write(command.disk.controller.portBlockHigh, (command.block & 0x00FF0000) >> 16); io_write(command.disk.controller.portDevice, ((command.block & 0x0F000000) >> 24) + (command.disk.location << 4) + 0xE0); io_write(command.disk.controller.portCommand, command.command); } void ata_inputPio(ata_controller_t controller, unsigned char* buffer, unsigned n) { _asm cld; _asm mov ecx, n; _asm mov edi, buffer; _asm mov dx, controller.portData; _asm rep insw; } void ata_readSector(ata_disk_t disk, unsigned int block, unsigned char count) { ata_command_t command; command.block = block; command.count = count; command.disk = disk; command.features = 0x00; command.command = 0x20; ata_command(command); }